CVE-2026-40342
An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal.
Does this matter?
High impact if exploited, but EPSS currently rates exploitation as unlikely (0.69%). Schedule it in the normal patch cycle and watch for a rise in EPSS or a public exploit.
Description
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 CRITICALCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- EPSS
- 0.69% probability · 51th percentile
- CISA KEV
- Not listed
- Weakness
- CWE-22, CWE-73, CWE-94, CWE-427
- Affected
- firebirdsql/firebird
- Source
- security-advisories@github.com
References
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14Release Notes
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7Release Notes
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4Release Notes
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257Exploit, Vendor Advisory
Source: NVD record, EPSS from FIRST.org, KEV from CISA. Refreshed daily.