{"id":"CVE-2026-40342","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2026-40342","generatedAt":"2026-10-28T03:23:49.151Z","title":"An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal.","description":"Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.","published":"2026-04-17T20:16:36.000Z","lastModified":"2026-10-26T22:10:00.000Z","status":"Analyzed","sourceIdentifier":"security-advisories@github.com","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":9.9,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-22","CWE-73","CWE-94","CWE-427"],"affected":["firebirdsql/firebird"],"epss":{"score":0.00692,"percentile":0.5263,"date":"2026-10-26","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"high","text":"High impact if exploited, but EPSS currently rates exploitation as unlikely (0.69%). Schedule it in the normal patch cycle and watch for a rise in EPSS or a public exploit."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14","tags":["Release Notes"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7","tags":["Release Notes"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4","tags":["Release Notes"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257","tags":["Exploit","Vendor Advisory"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40342","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}