CVE-2025-40300
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/vmscape: Add conditional IBPB mitigation VMSCAPE is a vulnerability that exploits insufficient branch predictor isolation between a guest and a userspace hypervisor (like QEMU).
Does this matter?
Lower severity and a low EPSS score (0.34%). Track it; it rarely justifies an emergency change on its own.
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/vmscape: Add conditional IBPB mitigation VMSCAPE is a vulnerability that exploits insufficient branch predictor isolation between a guest and a userspace hypervisor (like QEMU). Existing mitigations already protect kernel/KVM from a malicious guest. Userspace can additionally be protected by flushing the branch predictors after a VMexit. Since it is the userspace that consumes the poisoned branch predictors, conditionally issue an IBPB after a VMexit and before returning to userspace. Workloads that frequently switch between hypervisor and userspace will incur the most overhead from the new IBPB. This new IBPB is not integrated with the existing IBPB sites. For instance, a task can use the existing speculation control prctl() to get an IBPB at context switch time. With this implementation, the IBPB is doubled up: one at context switch and another before running userspace. The intent is to integrate and optimize these cases post-embargo. [ dhansen: elaborate on suboptimal IBPB solution ]
- CVSS 3.1
- 5.5 MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
- EPSS
- 0.34% probability · 28th percentile
- CISA KEV
- Not listed
- Affected
- linux/linux kernel · debian/debian linux
- Source
- 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
References
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15006289e5c38b2a830e1fba221977a27598176cPatch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f4f2f8f860cb4c3336a7435ebe8dcfded0c9c6ePatch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f8f173413f1cbf52660d04df92d0069c4306d25Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34e5667041050711a947e260fc9ebebe08bddee5Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459274c77b37ac63b78c928b4b4e748d1f9d05c8Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/510603f504796c3535f67f55fb0b124a303b44c8Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/893387c18612bb452336a5881da0d015a7e8f4a2Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c23a90648e831d611152ac08dbcd1283d405e7fPatch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac60717f9a8d21c58617d0b34274babf24135835Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c08192b5d6730a914dee6175bc71092ee6a65f14Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5490dfa35427a2967e00a4c7a1b95fdbc8ede34Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7ddc93392e4a7ffcccc86edf6ef3e64c778db52Patch
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f866eef8d1c65504d30923c3f14082ad294d0e6dPatch
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/14/3Mailing List
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/14/4Mailing List
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/14/6Mailing List
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/17/2Mailing List
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/17/3Mailing List
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.htmlThird Party Advisory
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.htmlThird Party Advisory
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html
Source: NVD record, EPSS from FIRST.org, KEV from CISA. Refreshed daily.