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UK Cyber Defence
VulnerabilityAnalyzed

CVE-2025-38352

Linux Kernel Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Condition Vulnerability

KEVHIGH 7.8EPSS 1.25%

Does this matter?

Known to be exploited in the wild (CISA KEV, CISA remediation deadline 25 September 2025). Treat as an emergency change: patch or isolate now, then hunt for prior compromise.

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: posix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del() If an exiting non-autoreaping task has already passed exit_notify() and calls handle_posix_cpu_timers() from IRQ, it can be reaped by its parent or debugger right after unlock_task_sighand(). If a concurrent posix_cpu_timer_del() runs at that moment, it won't be able to detect timer->it.cpu.firing != 0: cpu_timer_task_rcu() and/or lock_task_sighand() will fail. Add the tsk->exit_state check into run_posix_cpu_timers() to fix this. This fix is not needed if CONFIG_POSIX_CPU_TIMERS_TASK_WORK=y, because exit_task_work() is called before exit_notify(). But the check still makes sense, task_work_add(&tsk->posix_cputimers_work.work) will fail anyway in this case.

CVSS 3.1
7.8 HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS
1.25% probability · 68th percentile
CISA KEV
Listed 4 September 2025 · due 25 September 2025
Weakness
CWE-367
Affected
linux/linux kernel · debian/debian linux
Source
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

CISA notes

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. This vulnerability affects a common open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. Please check with specific vendors for information on patching status. For more information, please see: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff ; https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-09-01 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38352

Source: NVD record, EPSS from FIRST.org, KEV from CISA. Refreshed daily.