VulnerabilityAnalyzed

CVE-2025-3509

HIGH 7.1EPSS 1.25%

Does this matter?

High impact if exploited, but EPSS currently rates exploitation as unlikely (1.25%). Schedule it in the normal patch cycle and watch for a rise in EPSS or a public exploit.

Description

A Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed attackers to execute arbitrary code by exploiting the pre-receive hook functionality, potentially leading to privilege escalation and system compromise. The vulnerability involves using dynamically allocated ports that become temporarily available, such as during a hot patch upgrade. This means the vulnerability is only exploitable during specific operational conditions, which limits the attack window. Exploitation required either site administrator permissions to enable and configure pre-receive hooks or a user with permissions to modify repositories containing pre-receive hooks where this functionality was already enabled. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.18 and was fixed in versions 3.17.1, 3.16.4, 3.15.8, 3.14.13, 3.13.16. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.

CVSS 4.0: 7.1 HIGHCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:L/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/M
EPSS: 1.25% probability · 68th percentile
CISA KEV: Not listed
Weakness: CWE-94
Affected: github/enterprise server
Source: product-cna@github.com

References

https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.13/admin/release-notes#3.13.16Release Notes
https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.14/admin/release-notes#3.14.13Release Notes
https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.15/admin/release-notes#3.15.8Release Notes
https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.16/admin/release-notes#3.16.4Release Notes
https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.17/admin/release-notes#3.17.1Release Notes

Source: NVD record, EPSS from FIRST.org, KEV from CISA. Refreshed daily.