{"id":"CVE-2025-65951","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2025-65951","generatedAt":"2026-10-28T01:43:52.708Z","title":"Bettors pre-compute the entire Wesolowski VDF and include vdfOutputHex in their encrypted bet ticket, allowing the house to decrypt immediately using fast proof verification instead of expensive VDF evaluation.","description":"Inside Track / Entropy Derby is a research-grade horse-racing betting engine. Prior to commit 2d38d2f, the VDF-based timelock encryption system fails to enforce sequential delay against the betting operator. Bettors pre-compute the entire Wesolowski VDF and include vdfOutputHex in their encrypted bet ticket, allowing the house to decrypt immediately using fast proof verification instead of expensive VDF evaluation. This issue has been patched via commit 2d38d2f.","published":"2025-11-25T01:15:47.000Z","lastModified":"2026-10-18T20:10:00.000Z","status":"Deferred","sourceIdentifier":"security-advisories@github.com","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":8.7,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},"cwe":["CWE-200","CWE-327"],"affected":[],"epss":{"score":0.00127,"percentile":0.02336,"date":"2026-10-26","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"high","text":"High impact if exploited, but EPSS currently rates exploitation as unlikely (0.13%). Schedule it in the normal patch cycle and watch for a rise in EPSS or a public exploit."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/mescuwa/entropy-derby/commit/2d38d2f16bbb3b4240698148f80d8c5202725c77","source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/mescuwa/entropy-derby/security/advisories/GHSA-pm54-f847-w4mh","source":"security-advisories@github.com"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65951","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}