{"id":"CVE-2025-59043","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2025-59043","generatedAt":"2026-10-28T02:11:43.872Z","title":"It is possible to craft a JSON payload to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage, similar to a zip bomb, with factors reaching approximately 35.","description":"OpenBao is an open source identity-based secrets management system. In OpenBao versions prior to 2.4.1, JSON objects after decoding may use significantly more memory than their serialized version. It is possible to craft a JSON payload to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage, similar to a zip bomb, with factors reaching approximately 35. This can be used to circumvent the max_request_size configuration parameter which is intended to protect against denial of service attacks. The request body is parsed into a map very early in the request handling chain before authentication, which means an unauthenticated attacker can send a specifically crafted JSON object and cause an out-of-memory crash. Additionally, for requests with large numbers of strings, the audit subsystem can consume large quantities of CPU. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.4.1.","published":"2025-10-17T16:15:39.000Z","lastModified":"2026-10-19T16:10:00.000Z","status":"Analyzed","sourceIdentifier":"security-advisories@github.com","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-400"],"affected":["openbao/openbao"],"epss":{"score":0.00688,"percentile":0.52442,"date":"2026-10-26","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"high","text":"High impact if exploited, but EPSS currently rates exploitation as unlikely (0.69%). Schedule it in the normal patch cycle and watch for a rise in EPSS or a public exploit."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50","tags":["Product"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f238bc99adc72c73109faf574cc2b672880c","tags":["Patch"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756","tags":["Issue Tracking"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59043","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}