{"id":"CVE-2025-53022","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2025-53022","generatedAt":"2026-10-28T00:25:28.687Z","title":"While processing a new image, the Firmware Upgrade (FWU) module does not validate the length field of the Type-Length-Value (TLV) structure for dependent components against the maximum allowed size.","description":"TrustedFirmware-M (aka Trusted Firmware for M profile Arm CPUs) before 2.1.3 and 2.2.x before 2.2.1 lacks length validation during a firmware upgrade. While processing a new image, the Firmware Upgrade (FWU) module does not validate the length field of the Type-Length-Value (TLV) structure for dependent components against the maximum allowed size. If the length specified in the TLV exceeds the size of the buffer allocated on the stack, the FWU module will overwrite the buffer (and potentially other stack data) with the TLV's value content. An attacker could exploit this by crafting a malicious TLV entry in the unprotected section of the MCUBoot upgrade image. By setting the length field to exceed the expected structure size, the attacker can manipulate the stack memory of the system during the upgrade process.","published":"2025-07-30T20:15:37.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T09:37:30.000Z","status":"Deferred","sourceIdentifier":"cve@mitre.org","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":8.6,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L"},"cwe":["CWE-121"],"affected":[],"epss":{"score":0.00474,"percentile":0.4075,"date":"2026-10-26","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"high","text":"High impact if exploited, but EPSS currently rates exploitation as unlikely (0.47%). Schedule it in the normal patch cycle and watch for a rise in EPSS or a public exploit."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"https://git.trustedfirmware.org/plugins/gitiles/TF-M/trusted-firmware-m.git/+/refs/heads/main/secure_fw/partitions/firmware_update/bootloader/mcuboot/tfm_mcuboot_fwu.c#257","source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://trustedfirmware-m.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security/security_advisories/fwu_tlv_payload_out_of_bounds_vulnerability.html","source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/tf-m/","source":"cve@mitre.org"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53022","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}