{"id":"CVE-2025-47981","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2025-47981","generatedAt":"2026-11-02T17:38:26.531Z","title":"Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.","description":"Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.","published":"2025-07-08T17:15:39.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T09:28:57.000Z","status":"Analyzed","sourceIdentifier":"secure@microsoft.com","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-122"],"affected":["microsoft/windows 10 1507","microsoft/windows 10 1607","microsoft/windows 10 1809","microsoft/windows 10 21h2","microsoft/windows 10 22h2","microsoft/windows 11 22h2","microsoft/windows 11 23h2","microsoft/windows 11 24h2","microsoft/windows server 2008","microsoft/windows server 2012","microsoft/windows server 2016","microsoft/windows server 2019","microsoft/windows server 2022","microsoft/windows server 2022 23h2","microsoft/windows server 2025"],"epss":{"score":0.4112,"percentile":0.98665,"date":"2026-11-01","history":[{"date":"2026-10-09","score":0.4112,"percentile":0.98635}]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"EPSS puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 41.1%, higher than 99% of all known CVEs. Patch or mitigate before the next change window."},"changes":[{"kind":"epss","label":"EPSS jump","at":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","detail":{"to":0.4112,"from":0.3268,"percentile":0.98635},"summary":"EPSS moved from 32.7% to 41.1% probability of exploitation in the next thirty days."}],"references":[{"url":"https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47981","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"secure@microsoft.com"},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-47981-detection-script-heap-based-buffer-overflow-in-windows-spnego-extended-negotiation","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-47981-mitigation-script-heap-based-buffer-overflow-in-windows-spnego-extended-negotiation","tags":["Exploit","Mitigation","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47981","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}