{"id":"CVE-2025-25291","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2025-25291","generatedAt":"2026-11-03T22:42:07.479Z","title":"An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential.","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","published":"2025-03-12T21:15:42.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T09:00:38.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"security-advisories@github.com","cvss":{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/M"},"cwe":["CWE-347","CWE-436"],"affected":["omniauth/omniauth saml","onelogin/ruby-saml","netapp/storagegrid"],"epss":{"score":0.20965,"percentile":0.97563,"date":"2026-11-02","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"EPSS puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 21.0%, higher than 98% of all known CVEs. Patch or mitigate before the next change window."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released","tags":["Patch"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9","tags":["Patch"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97","tags":["Patch"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4","tags":["Release Notes"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0","tags":["Release Notes"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519","tags":["Issue Tracking"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25291","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}