{"id":"CVE-2023-28531","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2023-28531","generatedAt":"2026-10-27T23:57:58.313Z","title":"ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints.","description":"ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is 8.9.","published":"2023-03-17T04:15:15.000Z","lastModified":"2026-10-14T23:17:17.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"cve@mitre.org","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-284"],"affected":["openbsd/openssh","netapp/brocade fabric operating system","netapp/hci bootstrap os","netapp/solidfire element os"],"epss":{"score":0.0299,"percentile":0.87227,"date":"2026-10-26","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"high","text":"High impact if exploited, but EPSS currently rates exploitation as unlikely (2.99%). Schedule it in the normal patch cycle and watch for a rise in EPSS or a public exploit."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AN2UDTXEUSKFIOIYMV6JNI5VSBMYZOFT/","source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202307-01","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230413-0008/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586","source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/03/15/8","tags":["Mailing List","Release Notes"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AN2UDTXEUSKFIOIYMV6JNI5VSBMYZOFT/","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AN2UDTXEUSKFIOIYMV6JNI5VSBMYZOFT/","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202307-01","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230413-0008/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/03/15/8","tags":["Mailing List","Release Notes"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html","source":"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"},{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html","source":"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"},{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html","source":"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28531","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}