{"id":"CVE-2021-44521","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2021-44521","generatedAt":"2026-10-27T17:43:02.093Z","title":"When running Apache Cassandra with the following configuration: enable_user_defined_functions: true enable_scripted_user_defined_functions: true enable_user_defined_functions_threads: false it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the…","description":"When running Apache Cassandra with the following configuration: enable_user_defined_functions: true enable_scripted_user_defined_functions: true enable_user_defined_functions_threads: false it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the host. The attacker would need to have enough permissions to create user defined functions in the cluster to be able to exploit this. Note that this configuration is documented as unsafe, and will continue to be considered unsafe after this CVE.","published":"2022-02-11T13:15:08.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T04:12:30.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"security@apache.org","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-94","CWE-732"],"affected":["apache/cassandra"],"epss":{"score":0.57528,"percentile":0.99075,"date":"2026-10-26","history":[{"date":"2026-09-24","score":0.57528,"percentile":0.99051}]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"EPSS puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 57.5%, higher than 99% of all known CVEs. Patch or mitigate before the next change window."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/11/4","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"security@apache.org"},{"url":"https://jfrog.com/blog/cve-2021-44521-exploiting-apache-cassandra-user-defined-functions-for-remote-code-execution/","tags":["Exploit","Mitigation","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"security@apache.org"},{"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/y4nb9s4co34j8hdfmrshyl09lokm7356","tags":["Issue Tracking","Mailing List","Vendor Advisory"],"source":"security@apache.org"},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220225-0001/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"security@apache.org"},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/11/4","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://jfrog.com/blog/cve-2021-44521-exploiting-apache-cassandra-user-defined-functions-for-remote-code-execution/","tags":["Exploit","Mitigation","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/y4nb9s4co34j8hdfmrshyl09lokm7356","tags":["Issue Tracking","Mailing List","Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220225-0001/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44521","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}