{"id":"CVE-2021-28663","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2021-28663","generatedAt":"2026-10-28T06:34:54.372Z","title":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Use-After-Free Vulnerability","description":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.","published":"2021-05-10T15:15:08.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T03:46:44.000Z","status":"Analyzed","sourceIdentifier":"cve@mitre.org","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-416"],"affected":["arm/bifrost gpu kernel driver","arm/midgard gpu kernel driver","arm/valhall gpu kernel driver"],"epss":{"score":0.12084,"percentile":0.96122,"date":"2026-10-27","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":true,"dateAdded":"2021-11-03","dueDate":"2021-11-17","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","notes":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28663"},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"Known to be exploited in the wild (CISA KEV, CISA remediation deadline 17 November 2021). Treat as an emergency change: patch or isolate now, then hunt for prior compromise."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663","tags":["Exploit"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663","tags":["Exploit"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-28663","tags":["US Government Resource"],"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28663","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}