{"id":"CVE-2018-25223","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2018-25223","generatedAt":"2026-10-28T22:44:27.755Z","title":"Crashmail 1.6 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending malicious input to the application.","description":"Crashmail 1.6 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending malicious input to the application. Attackers can craft payloads with ROP chains to achieve code execution in the application context, with failed attempts potentially causing denial of service.","published":"2026-03-28T12:16:03.000Z","lastModified":"2026-10-07T08:10:00.000Z","status":"Analyzed","sourceIdentifier":"disclosure@vulncheck.com","cvss":{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/M"},"cwe":["CWE-787"],"affected":["ftnapps/crashmail ii"],"epss":{"score":0.0094,"percentile":0.6076,"date":"2026-10-27","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"high","text":"High impact if exploited, but EPSS currently rates exploitation as unlikely (0.94%). Schedule it in the normal patch cycle and watch for a rise in EPSS or a public exploit."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"http://exploitpack.com","tags":["Not Applicable"],"source":"disclosure@vulncheck.com"},{"url":"http://ftnapps.sourceforge.net/crashmail.html","tags":["Product"],"source":"disclosure@vulncheck.com"},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44331","tags":["Exploit","VDB Entry"],"source":"disclosure@vulncheck.com"},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crashmail-stack-based-buffer-overflow-remote-code-execution","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"disclosure@vulncheck.com"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25223","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}