{"id":"CVE-2018-18688","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2018-18688","generatedAt":"2026-10-28T20:11:57.109Z","title":"Consequently, an Incremental Saving vulnerability exists in multiple products.","description":"The Portable Document Format (PDF) specification does not provide any information regarding the concrete procedure of how to validate signatures. Consequently, an Incremental Saving vulnerability exists in multiple products. When an attacker uses the Incremental Saving feature to add pages or annotations, Body Updates are displayed to the user without any action by the signature-validation logic. This affects Foxit Reader before 9.4 and PhantomPDF before 8.3.9 and 9.x before 9.4. It also affects LibreOffice, Master PDF Editor, Nitro Pro, Nitro Reader, Nuance Power PDF Standard, PDF Editor 6 Pro, PDFelement6 Pro, PDF Studio Viewer 2018, PDF Studio Pro, Perfect PDF 10 Premium, and Perfect PDF Reader.","published":"2021-01-07T18:15:12.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T01:47:42.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"cve@mitre.org","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N"},"cwe":["CWE-347"],"affected":["code-industry/master pdf editor","foxitsoftware/foxit reader","foxitsoftware/phantompdf","gonitro/nitro pro","gonitro/nitro reader","iskysoft/pdf editor 6","iskysoft/pdfelement6","libreoffice/libreoffice","nuance/power pdf standard","qoppa/pdf studio","qoppa/pdf studio viewer 2018","soft-xpansion/perfect pdf 10","soft-xpansion/perfect pdf reader"],"epss":{"score":0.01146,"percentile":0.66608,"date":"2026-10-27","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"low","text":"Lower severity and a low EPSS score (1.15%). Track it; it rarely justifies an emergency change on its own."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/evaluation_2018.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/signature.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.pdfa.org/recently-identified-pdf-digital-signature-vulnerabilities/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/evaluation_2018.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/signature.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.pdfa.org/recently-identified-pdf-digital-signature-vulnerabilities/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18688","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}