{"id":"CVE-2018-16471","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2018-16471","generatedAt":"2026-10-28T21:27:25.969Z","title":"There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11.","description":"There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the `scheme` method on `Rack::Request`. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.","published":"2018-11-13T23:29:00.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T01:44:21.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"support@hackerone.com","cvss":{"version":"3.0","score":6.1,"severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},"cwe":["CWE-79"],"affected":["rack project/rack","debian/debian linux"],"epss":{"score":0.0189,"percentile":0.79447,"date":"2026-10-27","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"low","text":"Lower severity and a low EPSS score (1.89%). Track it; it rarely justifies an emergency change on its own."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00032.html","source":"support@hackerone.com"},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-02/msg00016.html","source":"support@hackerone.com"},{"url":"https://groups.google.com/forum/#%21topic/rubyonrails-security/GKsAFT924Ag","source":"support@hackerone.com"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/11/msg00022.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"support@hackerone.com"},{"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/4089-1/","source":"support@hackerone.com"},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00032.html","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-02/msg00016.html","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://groups.google.com/forum/#%21topic/rubyonrails-security/GKsAFT924Ag","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/11/msg00022.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/4089-1/","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16471","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}