{"id":"CVE-2016-4557","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2016-4557","generatedAt":"2026-10-27T23:19:47.282Z","title":"The replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr function in kernel/bpf/verifier.c in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 does not properly maintain an fd data structure, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via crafted BPF…","description":"The replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr function in kernel/bpf/verifier.c in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 does not properly maintain an fd data structure, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via crafted BPF instructions that reference an incorrect file descriptor.","published":"2016-05-23T10:59:04.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T00:47:47.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"cve@mitre.org","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":[],"affected":["linux/linux kernel"],"epss":{"score":0.10202,"percentile":0.95638,"date":"2026-10-26","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":2,"verified":true,"firstPublished":"2016-05-04","source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[{"edbId":40759,"kind":"exploit","title":"Linux Kernel 4.4 (Ubuntu 16.04) - 'BPF' Local Privilege Escalation (Metasploit)","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40759","sourceUrl":"https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/exploits/linux/local/40759.rb","file":"exploits/linux/local/40759.rb","published":"2016-11-14","added":"2016-11-14","updated":"2017-01-30","author":"Metasploit","type":"local","platform":"linux","port":null,"verified":true,"codes":["CVE-2016-4557"],"tags":"Metasploit Framework (MSF)","aliases":null,"applicationUrl":null,"screenshotUrl":null,"referenceUrl":null},{"edbId":39772,"kind":"exploit","title":"Linux Kernel 4.4.x (Ubuntu 16.04) - 'double-fdput()' bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD) Privilege Escalation","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39772","sourceUrl":"https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/exploits/linux/local/39772.txt","file":"exploits/linux/local/39772.txt","published":"2016-05-04","added":"2016-05-04","updated":"2017-07-14","author":"Google Security Research","type":"local","platform":"linux","port":null,"verified":true,"codes":["CVE-2016-4557","823603"],"tags":null,"aliases":"doubleput","applicationUrl":null,"screenshotUrl":"http://www.exploit-db.com/screenshots/idlt40000/screen-shot-2016-05-04-at-212446.png","referenceUrl":"https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=808"}]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"EPSS puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 10.2%, higher than 96% of all known CVEs. Patch or mitigate before the next change window."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=8358b02bf67d3a5d8a825070e1aa73f25fb2e4c7","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00044.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.5.5","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/06/4","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=808","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/823603","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1334307","tags":["Issue Tracking","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/8358b02bf67d3a5d8a825070e1aa73f25fb2e4c7","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40759/","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=8358b02bf67d3a5d8a825070e1aa73f25fb2e4c7","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00044.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.5.5","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/06/4","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=808","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/823603","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1334307","tags":["Issue Tracking","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/8358b02bf67d3a5d8a825070e1aa73f25fb2e4c7","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40759/","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4557","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}