{"id":"CVE-2016-4465","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2016-4465","generatedAt":"2026-10-27T17:57:55.496Z","title":"The URLValidator class in Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 and 2.5.x before 2.5.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a null value for a URL field.","description":"The URLValidator class in Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 and 2.5.x before 2.5.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a null value for a URL field.","published":"2016-07-04T22:59:10.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T00:47:37.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"secalert@redhat.com","cvss":{"version":"3.0","score":5.3,"severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L"},"cwe":["CWE-20"],"affected":["apache/struts"],"epss":{"score":0.10365,"percentile":0.95688,"date":"2026-10-26","history":[{"date":"2026-09-21","score":0.08942,"percentile":0.95072},{"date":"2026-09-22","score":0.10365,"percentile":0.95509}]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"EPSS puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 10.4%, higher than 96% of all known CVEs. Patch or mitigate before the next change window."},"changes":[{"kind":"epss","label":"EPSS jump","at":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","detail":{"to":0.10365,"from":0.08942,"percentile":0.95509},"summary":"EPSS moved from 8.9% to 10.4% probability of exploitation in the next thirty days."}],"references":[{"url":"http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN12352818/index.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000114","tags":["VDB Entry","Vendor Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21987854","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html","source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91278","source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1348253","tags":["Issue Tracking"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-041.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN12352818/index.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000114","tags":["VDB Entry","Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21987854","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91278","source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1348253","tags":["Issue Tracking"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-041.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4465","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}