{"id":"CVE-2016-4003","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2016-4003","generatedAt":"2026-11-05T05:31:24.510Z","title":"Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the URLDecoder function in JRE before 1.8, as used in Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28, when using a single byte page encoding, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via multi-byte…","description":"Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the URLDecoder function in JRE before 1.8, as used in Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28, when using a single byte page encoding, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via multi-byte characters in a url-encoded parameter.","published":"2016-04-12T16:59:04.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T00:46:43.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"cve@mitre.org","cvss":{"version":"3.0","score":6.1,"severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},"cwe":["CWE-79"],"affected":["apache/struts"],"epss":{"score":0.11562,"percentile":0.96045,"date":"2026-11-04","history":[{"date":"2026-09-21","score":0.09605,"percentile":0.9532},{"date":"2026-09-22","score":0.11562,"percentile":0.95836}]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":0,"verified":false,"firstPublished":null,"source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"EPSS puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 11.6%, higher than 96% of all known CVEs. Patch or mitigate before the next change window."},"changes":[{"kind":"epss","label":"EPSS jump","at":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","detail":{"to":0.11562,"from":0.09605,"percentile":0.95836},"summary":"EPSS moved from 9.6% to 11.6% probability of exploitation in the next thirty days."}],"references":[{"url":"http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-028.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/86311","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035268","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4507","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-028.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/86311","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035268","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4507","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4003","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}