{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2016-3081","generatedAt":"2026-10-31T21:10:47.511Z","title":"Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability","description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","published":"2016-04-26T14:59:02.000Z","lastModified":"2026-10-09T14:43:06.000Z","status":"Analyzed","sourceIdentifier":"secalert@redhat.com","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-77"],"affected":["huawei/agile controller-campus firmware","huawei/anyoffice","huawei/logcenter","huawei/firehunter6000 firmware","huawei/oceanstor 5300 v3 firmware","huawei/oceanstor 5500 v3 firmware","huawei/oceanstor 5600 v3 firmware","huawei/oceanstor 5800 v3 firmware","huawei/oceanstor 6800 v3 firmware","huawei/oceanstor 18500 v3 firmware","huawei/oceanstor 18500f firmware","huawei/oceanstor 18800 v3 firmware","huawei/oceanstor 18800f firmware","huawei/oceanstor 9000 firmware","huawei/oceanstor n8500 firmware","huawei/oceanstor onebox firmware","apache/struts","oracle/flexcube private banking","oracle/micros retail xbri loss prevention","oracle/siebel e-billing"],"epss":{"score":0.96525,"percentile":0.99882,"date":"2026-10-30","history":[{"date":"2026-09-21","score":0.82855,"percentile":0.99663},{"date":"2026-09-22","score":0.93352,"percentile":0.99835},{"date":"2026-10-09","score":0.94506,"percentile":0.99853},{"date":"2026-10-10","score":0.96052,"percentile":0.99877}]},"kev":{"listed":true,"dateAdded":"2026-10-08","dueDate":"2026-10-11","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","notes":"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.\nThis vulnerability could affect an open-source component, third-party library, protocol, or proprietary implementation that could be used by different products. For more information, please see: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-032 ; ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3081"},"exploits":{"count":1,"verified":true,"firstPublished":"2016-05-02","source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[{"edbId":39756,"kind":"exploit","title":"Apache Struts - Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756","sourceUrl":"https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/exploits/linux/remote/39756.rb","file":"exploits/linux/remote/39756.rb","published":"2016-05-02","added":"2016-05-02","updated":"2016-05-02","author":"Metasploit","type":"remote","platform":"linux","port":8080,"verified":true,"codes":["CVE-2016-3081"],"tags":"Metasploit Framework (MSF)","aliases":null,"applicationUrl":null,"screenshotUrl":null,"referenceUrl":null}]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"Known to be exploited in the wild (CISA KEV, CISA remediation deadline 11 October 2026). Treat as an emergency change: patch or isolate now, then hunt for prior compromise."},"changes":[{"kind":"kev","label":"Added to KEV","at":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","detail":{"name":"Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability","vendor":"Apache","dueDate":"2026-10-11","product":"Struts","ransomware":"Unknown"},"summary":"Added to CISA KEV — known to be exploited; federal remediation due 2026-10-11."},{"kind":"epss","label":"EPSS jump","at":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","detail":{"to":0.93352,"from":0.82855,"percentile":0.99835},"summary":"EPSS moved from 82.9% to 93.4% probability of exploitation in the next thirty days."}],"references":[{"url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html","tags":["Patch","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec","tags":["Third Party Advisory","Broken Link"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html","tags":["Patch","Vendor Advisory"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"secalert@redhat.com"},{"url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html","tags":["Patch","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec","tags":["Third Party Advisory","Broken Link"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html","tags":["Patch","Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-3081","tags":["US Government Resource"],"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3081","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}