{"id":"CVE-2016-2851","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2016-2851","generatedAt":"2026-11-05T05:35:28.289Z","title":"Integer overflow in proto.c in libotr before 4.1.1 on 64-bit platforms allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or execute arbitrary code via a series of large OTR messages, which triggers a…","description":"Integer overflow in proto.c in libotr before 4.1.1 on 64-bit platforms allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or execute arbitrary code via a series of large OTR messages, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.","published":"2016-04-07T23:59:10.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-17T00:44:36.000Z","status":"Modified","sourceIdentifier":"cve@mitre.org","cvss":{"version":"3.0","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-119"],"affected":["debian/debian linux","opensuse/leap","opensuse/opensuse","cypherpunks/libotr"],"epss":{"score":0.24283,"percentile":0.97869,"date":"2026-11-04","history":[{"date":"2026-09-21","score":0.2093,"percentile":0.97497},{"date":"2026-09-22","score":0.254,"percentile":0.97849},{"date":"2026-10-22","score":0.24283,"percentile":0.97862}]},"kev":{"listed":false},"exploits":{"count":1,"verified":false,"firstPublished":"2016-03-10","source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[{"edbId":39550,"kind":"exploit","title":"libotr 4.1.0 - Memory Corruption","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39550","sourceUrl":"https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/exploits/multiple/dos/39550.py","file":"exploits/multiple/dos/39550.py","published":"2016-03-10","added":"2016-03-10","updated":"2016-03-10","author":"X41 D-Sec GmbH","type":"dos","platform":"multiple","port":null,"verified":false,"codes":["CVE-2016-2851"],"tags":null,"aliases":null,"applicationUrl":null,"screenshotUrl":null,"referenceUrl":"https://www.x41-dsec.de/lab/advisories/x41-2016-001-libotr/"}]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"EPSS puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 24.3%, higher than 98% of all known CVEs. Patch or mitigate before the next change window."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00021.html","tags":["Mailing List"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00030.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2016/Mar/21","tags":["Exploit","Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3512","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/537745/100/0/threaded","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/84285","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2926-1","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://lists.cypherpunks.ca/pipermail/otr-users/2016-March/002581.html","tags":["Exploit"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-10","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39550/","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.x41-dsec.de/lab/advisories/x41-2016-001-libotr/","tags":["Exploit"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00021.html","tags":["Mailing List"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00030.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2016/Mar/21","tags":["Exploit","Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3512","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/537745/100/0/threaded","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/84285","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2926-1","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://lists.cypherpunks.ca/pipermail/otr-users/2016-March/002581.html","tags":["Exploit"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-10","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39550/","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.x41-dsec.de/lab/advisories/x41-2016-001-libotr/","tags":["Exploit"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2851","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}