{"id":"CVE-2012-0391","url":"https://www.cyber-defence.io/tools/cve/CVE-2012-0391","generatedAt":"2026-10-31T23:40:02.083Z","title":"Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability","description":"The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.","published":"2012-01-08T15:55:01.000Z","lastModified":"2026-06-16T23:37:12.000Z","status":"Analyzed","sourceIdentifier":"cve@mitre.org","cvss":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"cwe":["CWE-94"],"affected":["apache/struts"],"epss":{"score":0.75599,"percentile":0.99519,"date":"2026-10-30","history":[]},"kev":{"listed":true,"dateAdded":"2022-01-21","dueDate":"2022-07-21","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","notes":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0391"},"exploits":{"count":2,"verified":true,"firstPublished":"2012-01-06","source":"Exploit-DB (https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb)","entries":[{"edbId":18984,"kind":"exploit","title":"Apache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18984","sourceUrl":"https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/exploits/multiple/remote/18984.rb","file":"exploits/multiple/remote/18984.rb","published":"2012-06-05","added":"2012-06-05","updated":"2012-06-05","author":"Metasploit","type":"remote","platform":"multiple","port":null,"verified":true,"codes":["CVE-2012-0391","OSVDB-78277"],"tags":"Metasploit Framework (MSF)","aliases":null,"applicationUrl":null,"screenshotUrl":null,"referenceUrl":null},{"edbId":18329,"kind":"exploit","title":"Apache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilities","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329","sourceUrl":"https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/exploits/multiple/webapps/18329.txt","file":"exploits/multiple/webapps/18329.txt","published":"2012-01-06","added":"2012-01-06","updated":"2017-03-10","author":"SEC Consult","type":"webapps","platform":"multiple","port":null,"verified":true,"codes":["CVE-2012-0394","CVE-2012-0393","CVE-2012-0392","CVE-2012-0391","OSVDB-78277","OSVDB-78276","OSVDB-78109","OSVDB-78108"],"tags":null,"aliases":null,"applicationUrl":null,"screenshotUrl":null,"referenceUrl":null}]},"verdict":{"level":"urgent","text":"Known to be exploited in the wild (CISA KEV, CISA remediation deadline 21 July 2022). Treat as an emergency change: patch or isolate now, then hunt for prior compromise."},"changes":[],"references":[{"url":"http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html","tags":["Broken Link","Exploit"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://secunia.com/advisories/47393","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329","tags":["Exploit"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt","tags":["Broken Link","Exploit"],"source":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html","tags":["Broken Link","Exploit"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://secunia.com/advisories/47393","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329","tags":["Exploit"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt","tags":["Broken Link","Exploit"],"source":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391","tags":["US Government Resource"],"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"}],"sources":{"nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0391","epss":"https://www.first.org/epss/","kev":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","exploitdb":"https://www.exploit-db.com/"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0 — link back to the CVE Explorer if you publish the results; upstream data remains subject to its own terms."}